The many types of avian wings. part 2

*Note*
The calculations presented here are simplified, and will only give you a rough estimate.
Also, sorry to the people that use imperial units, I have no idea how to convert the tutorial's calculations to work with them (if anyone can help me, please do).

When I started to learn about wings I was very interested in the math behind behind them. But I found no resource that explained it in a way that I could understand, so many years later I created this tutorial to help other artists better understand the wonder that is bird wings.

Most of the information in this tutorial comes from
-Fåglarnas ekologi
-Wikipedia
-Science Learning Hub

The many types of avian wings
Part one, Standard wing types: fav.me/danpkgt
Part two, Aspect ratio and wing loading: fav.me/dao4odc
Part three, Wing types based on flight patters and foraging styles: fav.me/daq3zns

Creating winged creatures
Part one, Wingspan: fav.me/dbkv0l3
Part two, wing shape: fav.me/dcx1xpf
Part three, abilities:
Part four, extant and extinct animals:
Part five, mythological beasts:
Part six, creating your own creature:

Stock

All photographs found in this tutorial are stock images from the wonderful photographers of Deviantart.

A1Z2E3R Magnificent frigatebird  fav.me/da97oar

NefaroStock Barn owl  fav.me/d148ykn

DrachenVarg-stock Sharp tailed grouse  fav.me/d2c1nrf

happeningstock Horned puffin  fav.me/d1pfdwx

SamuelDesigns Wild turkey  fav.me/d45hyxs

netbandit Andean condor  fav.me/d7bb4n4

SalsolaStock American white ibis  fav.me/d16qjv8

stock-mon Wandering albatross  fav.me/d7ewxzq